Respond to the lecture
From my last history of architecture class, the lecture drove us back to the starting of beginning of the Modernism in context of how it is related to "Art" in that era.
“Le Corbusier was a thin, sallow, nearsighted man who went about on a white bicycle, wearing a close-fitting black suit, a white shirt, a black tie, round black owl-eye glasses, and a black bowler hat”
This is how Tom wolf described the great modernist architect name “Le Corbusier”.
As he called his house design as “ machine for living” and he tried to start startled onlookers, therefore he intentionally emphasize the image of perfect “mass-producible” wire figure for the Machine Age through his character of fashion that look as neat and precise and anonymous as possible.
As he said the architect who wished to grow must join the compound or “ism”, and be part of them ;accept the forms that compound have created.
…………….
Then , What is compound ? What does it do ?
From quote from the text
“ Secessionists -had a natural tendency to be esoteric, to generate theories and forms that would baffle the bourgeoisie.”
The compound is group of people who try create new language of architect and re-creating the world; creating the new community which based on the idea of
“non-bourgeois”. The compounds produced the sort of avant-gardism that inscribe in the history of twentieth-century art, and the tool of dissipate the compound is“ painting “ ;the most perfect device that creating visual codes for the esoteric theories of compound – or designing in code.
It started in 1905 , when the fauve exhibition at Salon d' Automne. The modern painting were seeking for purity. It tended to avoid what have been doing in the classical era through the concept of " simplicity " and "abstraction" and get approach to the words " minimalism".
An example of work which assure the concept of minimalism from the painting" the dance " by founder of the movement "Henri Matisses".
Matisses simplify the painting into the pure abstract form of human by using the few lines and colors. Even though, the painting is
on the flat canvas with the use of few color, the human figure seem to appear creating depth on the 2D canvas.
From Fauvists to Cubist : In 1909-1912 , it is the period of analytical cubism ; in this era the movement tend to explore the idea of simultaneity, everything is rendered visible at once to the viewer. They rejected the 3 dimensional representation and simplify into the language on flat canvas. The example of the work is " The Guitar " by Pablo Picasso. This painting is rejected all the tonality and depth ; rather represented as flatness abstract flattening of human parts with the guitar. In the contrary, the
painting can be look at from many angles to perceive the 3 dimensional image on two dimension flat surface.
Move forward to 1917, Theo van Doesburg was published the movement " De-Stijl". The purposes of the style are
- pure orthographical
- pure abstraction and universality by reducing phenomena to simply form and colour ( black, white and primary colours)
- rectilinear forms
We can see an example clearly from the painting by "Piet Mondrian"
The Element of the painting is annunciated which broken into lines, and every room/plane has its own expression(layered out in xyz axis)
Then, how art reveal to form Modernist Architecture ?
"The inner structure, the machine-made parts ,the mechanical rectangles ,the modern soul of the building must be expressed on the outside of the building, completely free of applied decoration. The ultimate expression of this principle was the de Stijl"
The clear example were shown by through the principle of expressed structure of the Schroder house by Gerrit rietveld.The projections of the exterior of the Schroder has only function was to indicate the grid, the diagram, the paradigm, the geometric progression on which the plans were based .
In 1923 , Corbusier published the " Toward a new Architecture " , this book is a new manifesto apply to the new age of modern architecture.
In my opinion , what he was trying to say in the manifesto is the idea of architect that reveal the truth through the " pure form " of architecture ( Basic elements telling themselves as they )like what an artist from the movement trying to reveal the truth through the painting by simplify and abstract the subject into the simple form. As Corbu said
"mass and surface are the elements by which architect manifests itself ".
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